Chidule
Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), yomwe imadziwika kuti diamond composite, yasintha kwambiri makampani opanga makina olondola chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Pepalali limapereka kusanthula kwakuya kwa zinthu za PDC, njira zopangira, ndi ntchito zapamwamba pakupanga makina olondola. Kukambiranaku kukufotokoza za ntchito yake yodula mwachangu, kupukusa molondola kwambiri, kupanga makina ang'onoang'ono, komanso kupanga zinthu zamlengalenga. Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto monga mtengo wokwera wopanga ndi kusweka kwa zinthu akuthetsedwa, pamodzi ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo muukadaulo wa PDC.
1. Chiyambi
Kukonza zinthu molondola kumafuna zipangizo zolimba kwambiri, zolimba, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kuti zikwaniritse kulondola kwa micron. Zipangizo zakale monga tungsten carbide ndi chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zamakono monga Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) zigwiritsidwe ntchito. PDC, chinthu chopangidwa ndi diamondi, chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri popanga zinthu zolimba komanso zofooka, kuphatikizapo zadothi, zophatikizika, ndi zitsulo zolimba.
Pepalali likufotokoza za makhalidwe ofunikira a PDC, njira zake zopangira, komanso momwe imakhudzira kusintha kwa makina olondola. Kuphatikiza apo, likuwunikanso zovuta zomwe zilipo komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa PDC mtsogolo.
2. Katundu wa PDC
PDC imakhala ndi wosanjikiza wa diamondi ya polycrystalline (PCD) yolumikizidwa ku tungsten carbide substrate pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, kutentha kwambiri (HPHT). Makhalidwe ofunikira ndi awa:
2.1 Kulimba Kwambiri ndi Kukana Kuvala
Daimondi ndiye chinthu chodziwika bwino kwambiri (kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 10), zomwe zimapangitsa PDC kukhala yoyenera kwambiri popanga zinthu zokwawa.
Kukana kwapamwamba kwa kuvala kumawonjezera moyo wa zida, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito yokonza molondola.
2.2 Kutentha Kwambiri
Kutaya kutentha bwino kumateteza kusintha kwa kutentha panthawi yokonza zinthu mwachangu.
Amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndipo amakonza mawonekedwe a pamwamba.
2.3 Kukhazikika kwa Mankhwala
Yolimba ku zotsatira za mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachitsulo ndi zopanda zitsulo.
Amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida m'malo owononga.
2.4 Kulimba kwa Kusweka kwa Mphuno
Chotsukira cha tungsten carbide chimathandizira kukana kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa kusweka ndi kusweka.
3. Njira Yopangira PDC
Kupanga PDC kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika:
3.1 Kupanga Ufa wa Daimondi
Tinthu ta diamondi topangidwa timapangidwa kudzera mu HPHT kapena chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
3.2 Njira Yoyeretsera
Ufa wa diamondi umapakidwa pa tungsten carbide substrate pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu (5–7 GPa) ndi kutentha (1,400–1,600°C).
Chothandizira chachitsulo (monga cobalt) chimapangitsa kuti diamondi ilumikizane ndi diamondi.
3.3 Kukonza Pambuyo
Makina odulira a laser kapena amagetsi (EDM) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PDC kukhala zida zodulira.
Mankhwala ochizira pamwamba amawonjezera kumamatira ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira.
4. Kugwiritsa Ntchito mu Precision Machining
4.1 Kudula Zinthu Zopanda Iron Mwachangu Kwambiri
Zipangizo za PDC zimachita bwino kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, mkuwa, ndi ulusi wa kaboni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto (makina a pistoni) ndi zamagetsi (kugaya PCB).
4.2 Kupukutira Molondola Kwambiri kwa Zigawo Zowala
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma lens ndi magalasi pa lasers ndi telescopes.
Imakwaniritsa kuuma kwa pamwamba pa sub-micron (Ra < 0.01 µm).
4.3 Makina Ang'onoang'ono a Zipangizo Zachipatala
Ma PDC micro-drill ndi ma end mill amapanga zinthu zovuta kwambiri mu zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi ma implants.
4.4 Makina Opangira Zinthu Zamlengalenga
Kukonza ma aloyi a titanium ndi CFRP (ma polima olimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa kaboni) popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri.
4.5 Zida Zapamwamba Zopangira Ma Ceramics ndi Machining a Zitsulo Zolimba
PDC imagwira ntchito bwino kuposa cubic boron nitride (CBN) mu machining silicon carbide ndi tungsten carbide.
5. Mavuto ndi Zolepheretsa
5.1 Ndalama Zokwera Zopangira
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa HPHT ndi ndalama zogulira zinthu za diamondi kumachepetsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthuzi.
5.2 Kusalimba mu Kudula Kosokonezeka
Zipangizo za PDC zimakhala ndi vuto lophwanya pamene zikugwira ntchito pamalo osakhazikika.
5.3 Kuwonongeka kwa Kutentha Pa Kutentha Kwambiri
Kujambula zithunzi kumachitika pamwamba pa 700°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zachitsulo kukhale kouma.
5.4 Kugwirizana Kochepa ndi Zitsulo za Ferrous
Machitidwe a mankhwala ndi chitsulo amachititsa kuti chitsulocho chiwonongeke mofulumira.
6. Zochitika ndi Zatsopano za Mtsogolo
6.1 PDC Yopangidwa ndi Nano
Kuphatikizidwa kwa nano-diamondi kumawonjezera kulimba ndi kukana kuwonongeka.
6.2 Zida Zosakanikirana za PDC-CBN
Kuphatikiza PDC ndi cubic boron nitride (CBN) pakupanga zitsulo zachitsulo.
6.3 Kupanga Zowonjezera za Zida za PDC
Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumathandiza kuti pakhale ma geometries ovuta kuti pakhale njira zosinthira makina zomwe zakonzedwa mwamakonda.
6.4 Zophimba Zapamwamba
Zophimba zonga diamondi (DLC) zimawonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida.
7. Mapeto
PDC yakhala yofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina molondola, kupereka magwiridwe antchito osayerekezeka pakudula mwachangu kwambiri, kupukusa kolondola kwambiri, komanso makina ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta monga kukwera mtengo komanso kusweka, kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zinthu ndi njira zopangira zinthu kukulonjeza kukulitsa ntchito zake. Zatsopano zamtsogolo, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe a PDC opangidwa ndi nano-structured ndi zida zosakanikirana, zidzalimbitsa ntchito yake muukadaulo wotsatira wa makina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-07-2025
