1. Kupanga diamondi yokutidwa ndi kabide
Mfundo yosakaniza ufa wachitsulo ndi diamondi, kutentha kutentha kokhazikika komanso kutenthetsa kwa nthawi inayake pansi pa vacuum. Pa kutentha kumeneku, mphamvu ya nthunzi ya chitsuloyo ndi yokwanira kuphimba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chitsulocho chimamatiridwa pamwamba pa diamondi kuti chipange diamondi yokutidwa.
2. Kusankha chitsulo chophimbidwa
Kuti diamondi ikhale yolimba komanso yodalirika, komanso kuti timvetse bwino momwe diamondi imakhudzira mphamvu ya kupaka, chitsulo chopaka chiyenera kusankhidwa. Tikudziwa kuti diamondi ndi alloomorphism ya C, ndipo lattice yake ndi tetrahedron yokhazikika, kotero mfundo yopaka chitsulocho ndi yakuti chitsulocho chimakhala ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi kaboni. Mwanjira imeneyi, pansi pa mikhalidwe ina, kuyanjana kwa mankhwala kumachitika pamalo olumikizirana, ndikupanga mgwirizano wolimba wa mankhwala, ndipo nembanemba ya Me-C imapangidwa. Chiphunzitso cha kulowerera ndi kumamatira mu dongosolo la diamondi-chitsulo chimasonyeza kuti kuyanjana kwa mankhwala kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kumatira kukugwira ntchito AW> 0 ndikufikira mtengo winawake. Zinthu zazifupi za gulu B zachitsulo mu tebulo la periodic, monga Cu, Sn, Ag, Zn, Ge, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala ndi mgwirizano woipa wa C komanso ntchito yomamatira yochepa, ndipo zomangira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma molecular bonds omwe si olimba ndipo sayenera kusankhidwa; Zitsulo zosinthira zomwe zili mu tebulo lalitali la periodic, monga Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu yolumikizana ndi dongosolo la C. Mphamvu yolumikizirana ya C ndi zitsulo zosinthira imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi a d, kotero Ti ndi Cr ndizoyenera kwambiri kuphimba zitsulo.
3. Kuyesera nyali
Pa kutentha kwa 8500C, diamondi sangathe kufika pa mphamvu yaulere ya maatomu a kaboni opangidwa pamwamba pa diamondi ndi ufa wachitsulo kuti apange carbide yachitsulo, ndipo osachepera 9000C kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yofunikira popanga carbide yachitsulo. Komabe, ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kudzapangitsa kuti diamondi itaye kutentha. Poganizira za kulakwitsa kwa muyeso wa kutentha ndi zinthu zina, kutentha kwa mayeso ophikira kumayikidwa pa 9500C. Monga momwe tikuonera kuchokera ku ubale pakati pa nthawi yotenthetsera ndi liwiro la reaction (pansipa),? Pambuyo pofika pa mphamvu yaulere ya carbide yachitsulo, reaction imapitirira mwachangu, ndipo popanga carbide, liwiro la reaction lidzachepa pang'onopang'ono. Palibe kukayika kuti ndi nthawi yowonjezera ya insulation, kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la wosanjikiza zidzasintha, koma patatha mphindi 60, khalidwe la wosanjikiza silimakhudzidwa kwambiri, kotero timayika nthawi yotenthetsera ngati ola limodzi; vacuum ikakwera, imakhala yabwino, koma yocheperako pa mikhalidwe yoyesera, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito 10-3mmHg.
Mfundo yowonjezera luso la phukusi
Zotsatira za kafukufuku zikusonyeza kuti thupi la mwana wosabadwayo ndi lamphamvu kuposa diamondi yophimbidwa kuposa diamondi yosaphimbidwa. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yamphamvu yolumikizira thupi la mwana wosabadwayo ndi diamondi yophimbidwa ndi chakuti, payekhapayekha, pali zolakwika pamwamba ndi ming'alu yaying'ono pamwamba kapena mkati mwa diamondi iliyonse yopangidwa yosaphimbidwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ming'alu yaying'ono iyi, mphamvu ya diamondi imachepa, kumbali ina, chinthu cha C cha diamondi sichimayanjana kawirikawiri ndi zigawo za thupi la mwana wosabadwayo. Chifukwa chake, thupi la tayala la diamondi yosaphimbidwa ndi phukusi lokha lamakina, ndipo mtundu uwu wa phukusi loyikira ndi wofooka kwambiri. Mukangodzaza, ming'alu yaying'ono pamwambapa imabweretsa kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yoyika phukusi ichepe. Nkhani ya diamondi yolemetsa kwambiri ndi yosiyana, chifukwa cha kuyika kwa filimu yachitsulo, zolakwika za diamondi ndi ming'alu yaying'ono zimadzazidwa, kumbali imodzi, mphamvu ya diamondi yophimbidwa imawonjezeka, kumbali ina, yodzazidwa ndi ming'alu yaying'ono, palibenso vuto la kupsinjika. Chofunika kwambiri, kulowa kwa chitsulo cholumikizidwa m'thupi la tayala kumasinthidwa kukhala kaboni pamwamba pa diamondi. Kulowa kwa mankhwala. Zotsatira zake ndi chitsulo cholumikizira pa ngodya yonyowetsa diamondi kuchokera pa 100 o mpaka pansi pa 500, chomwe chimakweza kwambiri chitsulo cholumikizira kuti chinyowetse diamondi, ndikupanga thupi la tayala la phukusi lophimba diamondi lomwe limayikidwa ndi phukusi loyambirira la makina otulutsa mu phukusi lolumikizira, lomwe ndi diamondi yophimba ndi thupi la tayala, motero limakweza kwambiri thupi la mwana wosabadwayo.
Kutha kukhazikitsa phukusi. Nthawi yomweyo, timakhulupiriranso kuti zinthu zina monga magawo osinthira, kukula kwa tinthu ta diamondi tokutidwa, kalasi, kukula kwa tinthu ta fetal ndi zina zotero zimakhudza mphamvu yolowetsa phukusi. Kupanikizika koyenera kosinthira kumatha kuwonjezera kukanikiza ndikuwonjezera kuuma kwa thupi la fetal. Kutentha koyenera kosinthira ndi nthawi yotenthetsera zitha kulimbikitsa kutentha kwambiri kwa kapangidwe ka thupi la tayala ndi chitsulo ndi diamondi zokutidwa, kotero kuti phukusi lomangirira likhale lolimba, kalasi ya diamondi ndi yabwino, kapangidwe ka kristalo ndi kofanana, gawo lofanana limasungunuka, ndipo phukusi limakhala bwino.
Kuchokera ku Liu Xiaohui
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-13-2025
