Monga kupanga ku kusintha kwapamwamba, chitukuko chofulumira m'munda wa mphamvu zoyera ndi semiconductor ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale a photovoltaic, ndi luso lapamwamba komanso luso lapamwamba la zida za diamondi zomwe zikukula, koma ufa wonyezimira wa diamondi monga zopangira zofunika kwambiri, dera la diamondi ndi mphamvu ya masanjidwewo si yamphamvu yosavuta yoyambirira ya carbide moyo siutali. Kuti athetse mavutowa, makampani nthawi zambiri amatengera zokutira zamtundu wa diamondi ndi zida zachitsulo, kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe ake, kupititsa patsogolo kulimba, kuti apititse patsogolo zida zonse.
The diamondi ufa pamwamba ❖ kuyanika njira ndi zambiri, kuphatikizapo plating mankhwala, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, zingalowe evaporation plating, otentha mkangano anachita, etc., kuphatikizapo plating mankhwala ndi plating ndi ndondomeko okhwima, ❖ kuyanika yunifolomu, akhoza molondola kulamulira ❖ kuyanika zikuchokera ndi makulidwe, ubwino ❖ kuyanika makonda, wakhala makampani awiri ambiri ntchito luso.
1. plating mankhwala
Kupaka mankhwala a diamondi ufa ndikuyika ufa wa diamondi wothira muzitsulo zokutira mankhwala, ndikuyika ma ayoni achitsulo muzitsulo zokutira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera muzitsulo zokutira za mankhwala, kupanga zokutira zachitsulo zowundana. Pakali pano, mankhwala opangidwa ndi diamondi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nickel plating-phosphorous (Ni-P) binary alloy nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chemical nickel plating.
01 Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a nickel plating solution
The zikuchokera mankhwala plating njira ali ndi chikoka pa yosalala patsogolo, bata ndi ❖ kuyanika khalidwe lake mankhwala anachita. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mchere wambiri, wochepetsera, zovuta, buffer, stabilizer, accelerator, surfactant ndi zigawo zina. Gawo la gawo lililonse liyenera kusinthidwa mosamala kuti likwaniritse bwino kwambiri zokutira.
1, mchere waukulu: kawirikawiri faifi tambala sulphate, faifi tambala kolorayidi, faifi tambala amino sulfonic asidi, faifi tambala carbonate, etc., udindo wake waukulu ndi kupereka faifi tambala gwero.
2. Reductive wothandizila: makamaka amapereka atomiki haidrojeni, amachepetsa Ni2 + mu njira plating mu Ni ndi madipoziti pamwamba tinthu tating'ono diamondi, amene ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri plating njira. M'makampani, sodium yachiwiri phosphate yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepetsera, mtengo wotsika komanso kukhazikika kwabwino kwa plating imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chochepetsera. Njira yochepetsera imatha kukwaniritsa kuyika kwa mankhwala pa kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
3, wothandizila zovuta: yankho ❖ kuyanika akhoza precipitate mvula, kumapangitsanso kukhazikika kwa ❖ kuyanika njira, kuwonjezera moyo utumiki wa plating njira, kupititsa patsogolo mafunsidwe liwiro la faifi tambala, kusintha khalidwe la ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza, makamaka ntchito asidi succinin, citric acid, asidi lactic ndi zidulo organic ndi mchere wawo.
4. Zina zigawo zikuluzikulu: ndi stabilizer akhoza ziletsa kuwonongeka kwa plating njira, koma chifukwa zingakhudze zimachitika mankhwala plating anachita, ayenera zolimbitsa ntchito; chotchingacho chimatha kutulutsa H + panthawi yachitsulo cha nickel plating reaction kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa pH; surfactant akhoza kuchepetsa ❖ kuyanika porosity.
02 Njira yopangira ma nickel-plating
Kuyika kwa mankhwala a sodium hypophosphate system kumafuna kuti matrix azikhala ndi zinthu zina zothandizira, ndipo pamwamba pa diamondi pawokha alibe malo othandizira, chifukwa chake amafunika kukonzedwa asanapangidwe mankhwala a ufa wa diamondi. Njira yachikhalidwe yopangira mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndikuchotsa mafuta, kuyatsa, kulimbikitsa komanso kuyambitsa.
(1) Kuchotsa mafuta, coarsening: kuchotsa mafuta makamaka kuchotsa mafuta, madontho ndi zoipitsa zina organic pamwamba pa diamondi ufa, kuonetsetsa kuyandikira koyenera ndi ntchito yabwino ❖ kuyanika wotsatira. The coarsening akhoza kupanga maenje ena ang'onoang'ono ndi ming'alu padziko diamondi, kuonjezera roughness pamwamba diamondi, amene si abwino kwa adsorption zitsulo ayoni mu malo ano, atsogolere wotsatira mankhwala plating ndi electroplating, komanso kupanga masitepe padziko diamondi, kupereka zinthu zabwino kwa kukula kwa mankhwala plating kapena electroplating zitsulo wosanjikiza.
Nthawi zambiri, njira yochotsera mafuta nthawi zambiri imatenga NaOH ndi njira ina yamchere ngati njira yochotsera mafuta, ndipo poyambira, nitric acid ndi njira ina ya asidi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopangira mankhwala opangira diamondi. Kuphatikiza apo, maulalo awiriwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina otsuka akupanga, omwe amathandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amafuta a diamondi ndikuwotcha, kupulumutsa nthawi pakuchotsa mafuta ndikuwotcha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwamafuta ndi nkhani yovuta,
(2) Kudziwitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa: kulimbikitsa ndi kuyambitsa ndi sitepe yofunikira kwambiri mu ndondomeko yonse yopangira mankhwala, yomwe imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ngati plating ya mankhwala ikhoza kuchitidwa. Sensitization ndi kutsatsa mosavuta zinthu zopangidwa ndi okosijeni pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi womwe ulibe mphamvu ya autocatalytic. The kutsegula ndi adsorb ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa asidi hypophosphoric ndi catalytically yogwira zitsulo ayoni (monga zitsulo palladium) pa kuchepetsa faifi tambala particles, kuti imathandizira mafunsidwe mlingo wa ❖ kuyanika padziko ufa diamondi.
Nthawi zambiri, tcheru ndi kutsegula nthawi mankhwala ndi lalifupi kwambiri, diamondi pamwamba zitsulo palladium mfundo mapangidwe ndi zochepa, ndi adsorption wa ❖ kuyanika sikokwanira, ndi ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza n'zosavuta kugwa kapena zovuta kupanga ❖ kuyanika wathunthu, ndipo mankhwala nthawi yaitali kwambiri, zidzachititsa palladium mfundo zinyalala Choncho, nthawi yabwino tcheru chithandizo ndi activation ndi activation.
(3) Chemical nickel plating: mankhwala nickel plating ndondomeko sikuti amangokhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake yankho ❖ kuyanika, komanso amakhudzidwa ndi ❖ kuyanika yankho kutentha ndi PH mtengo. Traditional kutentha mankhwala faifi tambala plating, kutentha ambiri adzakhala 80 ~ 85 ℃, kuposa 85 ℃ zosavuta chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa plating njira, ndi pa m'munsi kuposa 85 ℃ kutentha, mofulumira mlingo anachita. Pa PH mtengo, monga pH kuonjezera ❖ kuyanika mafunsidwe mlingo adzauka, koma pH adzachititsanso faifi tambala mchere sediment mapangidwe ziletsa mankhwala anachita mlingo, choncho m`kati mankhwala faifi tambala plating ndi kukhathamiritsa mankhwala plating njira zikuchokera ndi chiŵerengero, mankhwala plating zinthu ndondomeko, kulamulira mankhwala ❖ kuyanika masinthidwe mlingo, ❖ kuyanika kachulukidwe, ❖ kuyanika dzimbiri kukana chitukuko cha diamondi, ❖ kuyanika kukana dzimbiri ufa, ❖ kuyanika kukana mafakitale ufa.
Kuonjezera apo, ❖ kuyanika kumodzi sikungathe kukwaniritsa makulidwe abwino, ndipo pakhoza kukhala thovu, pinholes ndi zolakwika zina, kotero kuti ❖ kuyanika angapo akhoza kutengedwa kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe la ❖ kuyanika ndi kuonjezera kubalalitsidwa kwa ufa wa diamondi wokutira.
2. electro nickling
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa phosphorous mu ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza pambuyo diamondi mankhwala faifi tambala plating, kumabweretsa osauka madutsidwe magetsi, zimene zimakhudza mchenga Mumakonda ndondomeko ya diamondi chida (njira kukonza diamondi particles pa masanjidwewo pamwamba), kotero plating wosanjikiza popanda phosphorous angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira ya faifi tambala plating. The ntchito yeniyeni ndi kuika diamondi ufa mu ❖ kuyanika njira munali ayoni faifi tambala, diamondi particles kukhudzana ndi mphamvu negative elekitirodi mu cathode, faifi tambala zitsulo chipika kumizidwa mu njira plating ndi ogwirizana ndi mphamvu zabwino elekitirodi kukhala anode, mwa zochita electrolytic, ndi ufulu faifi tambala mu njira ❖ kuyanika ndi kuchepetsedwa kukhala maatomu pa coating diamondi pamwamba, ndi kukula coating.
01 Mapangidwe a plating solution
Monga njira yopangira mankhwala, njira yopangira ma electroplating makamaka imapereka ayoni achitsulo ofunikira pakupanga ma electroplating, ndikuwongolera njira yoyika nickel kuti mupeze zokutira zitsulo zofunika. Zigawo zake zazikulu zimaphatikizira mchere wambiri, anode yogwira ntchito, buffer wothandizira, zowonjezera ndi zina zotero.
(1) Mchere waukulu: makamaka ntchito faifi tambala sulfate, faifi tambala amino sulfonate, etc. Nthawi zambiri, apamwamba mchere ndende waukulu, mofulumira mayamwidwe mu plating njira, ndi apamwamba dzuwa panopa, zitsulo mafunsidwe mlingo, koma ❖ kuyanika mbewu adzakhala coarse, ndi kuchepa kwa ndende waukulu mchere, kuipiraipira madutsidwe wa ❖ kuyanika, ndi zovuta kulamulira.
(2) Anode yogwira wothandizila: chifukwa anode n'zosavuta passivation, zosavuta osauka madutsidwe, zimakhudza yunifolomu kugawa panopa, choncho m'pofunika kuwonjezera faifi tambala kolorayidi, sodium kolorayidi ndi wothandizila monga anodic activator kulimbikitsa anode kutsegula, kusintha kachulukidwe panopa wa anode passivation.
(3) Buffer wothandizila: monga mankhwala plating yankho, wothandizila buffer akhoza kusunga bata wokhazikika wa plating njira ndi cathode pH, kotero kuti akhoza kusinthasintha mu osiyanasiyana chololeka ndondomeko electroplating. Wothandizira wamba wamba ali ndi boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate ndi zina zotero.
(4) Zowonjezera zina: molingana ndi zofunikira za ❖ kuyanika, onjezerani mlingo woyenera wa wothandizira wonyezimira, wothandizira woyezera, wothira wothira ndi wosakaniza ndi zina zowonjezera kuti zikhale bwino.
02 Daimondi ya electroplated nickel flow
1. Pretreatment pamaso plating: diamondi nthawi zambiri si conductive, ndipo ayenera yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza zitsulo kudzera njira ❖ kuyanika. Njira yopangira mankhwala nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chitsulo chosanjikiza ndi kukhuthala, kotero kuti mtundu wa zokutira wamankhwala umakhudza mtundu wa plating mpaka pamlingo wina. Kunena zoona, zili phosphorous mu ❖ kuyanika pambuyo plating mankhwala zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe ❖ kuyanika, ndi mkulu phosphorous ❖ kuyanika ali ndi bwino dzimbiri kukana mu acidic chilengedwe, ❖ kuyanika pamwamba ali ndi chotupa chotupa, lalikulu pamwamba roughness ndipo palibe maginito katundu; zokutira zapakati za phosphorous zili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuvala; ❖ kuyanika otsika phosphorous ali ndi madutsidwe wabwinoko.
Komanso, zing'onozing'ono ndi tinthu kukula kwa diamondi ufa, ikuluikulu yeniyeni pamwamba m'dera, pamene ❖ kuyanika, zosavuta tiwolokere mu plating njira, adzatulutsa kutayikira, plating, ❖ kuyanika lotayirira wosanjikiza chodabwitsa, pamaso plating, ayenera kulamulira okhutira P ndi ❖ kuyanika khalidwe, kulamulira madutsidwe ndi kachulukidwe wa ufa diamondi kusintha ufa mosavuta tiwolokere.
2, nickel plating: pakali pano, plating ufa wa diamondi nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito njira yokutira, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka koyenera kwa yankho la electroplating kumawonjezedwa mu bottling, kuchuluka kwa ufa wa diamondi wochita kupanga mu njira ya electroplating, pozungulira botolo, kuyendetsa ufa wa diamondi mu botolo kuti ugubuduke. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, electrode yabwino imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipika cha nickel, ndipo electrode yolakwika imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ufa wa diamondi. Pansi pa ntchito yamagetsi, ma ion a faifi tambala mu plating solution amapanga faifi tachitsulo pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi. Komabe, njirayi ili ndi vuto la kuyanika kochepa komanso kuyanika kosiyana, kotero njira yozungulira ya elekitirodi idayamba.
Njira yozungulira ya elekitirodi ndikuzungulira cathode mu plating ya ufa wa diamondi. Njira imeneyi kuonjezera kukhudzana m'dera pakati pa elekitirodi ndi diamondi particles, kuonjezera madutsidwe yunifolomu pakati particles, kusintha chodabwitsa m'goli ❖ kuyanika, ndi bwino kupanga dzuwa la diamondi faifi tambala plating.
mwachidule
Monga zida zazikulu za zida za diamondi, kusinthidwa kwaposachedwa kwa diamondi micropowder ndi njira yofunikira yolimbikitsira mphamvu yowongolera matrix ndikuwongolera moyo wantchito wa zida. Kuti kusintha mchenga Mumakonda mlingo wa zida diamondi, wosanjikiza faifi tambala ndi phosphorous nthawi zambiri yokutidwa padziko diamondi micropowder kukhala ndi madutsidwe, ndiyeno thicken plating wosanjikiza ndi faifi tambala plating, ndi kumapangitsanso madutsidwe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pamwamba pa diamondi palokha ilibe chothandizira chogwira ntchito, choncho imayenera kukonzedweratu musanapangidwe mankhwala.
zolembedwa:
Liu Han. Phunzirani paukadaulo wokutira pamwamba ndi mtundu wa ufa wa diamondi wochita kupanga [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, ndi Yuan Guangsheng. Phunzirani pa njira yopangira pretreatment zokutira pamwamba pa diamondi [J]. Kukhazikika kwa danga.
Li Jinghua. Kafukufuku pa kusinthidwa pamwamba ndi ntchito yokumba diamondi yaying'ono ufa ntchito waya macheka [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, et al. Chemical nickel plating ndondomeko ya diamondi yokumba pamwamba [J]. Journal ya IOL.
Nkhaniyi yasindikizidwanso mu superhard material network
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-13-2025
