Popeza kupanga zinthu kukusintha kwambiri, kukula mofulumira m'munda wa mphamvu zoyera ndi mafakitale a semiconductor ndi photovoltaic kukukulirakulira, ndipo kufunikira kwa zida za diamondi kukukula mofulumira komanso molondola, koma ufa wa diamondi wopangidwa ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira, diamondi county ndi matrix holding force sikophweka, nthawi yoyambira ya zida za carbide si yayitali. Pofuna kuthetsa mavutowa, makampani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wa diamondi pamwamba ndi zinthu zachitsulo, kuti akonze mawonekedwe ake pamwamba, kulimbitsa kulimba, kuti akonze bwino mtundu wonse wa chidacho.
Njira yophikira pamwamba pa diamondi ufa ndi yowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo kupaka mankhwala, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, vacuum evaporation plating, hot burst reaction, etc., kuphatikizapo kupaka mankhwala ndi kupaka ndi njira yokhwima, kupaka yunifolomu, kumatha kulamulira molondola kapangidwe ka kupaka ndi makulidwe, ubwino wa kupaka makonda, wakhala ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani awiriwa.
1. kuphimba mankhwala
Chophimba cha mankhwala cha ufa wa diamondi chimayika ufa wa diamondi wokonzedwa mu yankho la mankhwala ophimba, ndikuyika ma ayoni achitsulo mu yankho la chophimba kudzera mu ntchito ya wothandizira wochepetsa mu yankho la mankhwala ophimba, ndikupanga chophimba chachitsulo cholimba. Pakadali pano, chophimba cha mankhwala cha diamondi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chemical nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) binary alloy nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa chemical nickel plating.
01 Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a nickel plating solution
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala opaka ma chemical plating solution kamakhudza kwambiri kupita patsogolo kosalala, kukhazikika, ndi mtundu wa kupaka kwa mankhwala ake. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mchere waukulu, chochepetsera, complexer, buffer, stabilizer, accelerator, surfactant ndi zina. Chiŵerengero cha chigawo chilichonse chiyenera kusinthidwa mosamala kuti chikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za kupaka.
1, mchere waukulu: nthawi zambiri nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, ndi zina zotero, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka gwero la nickel.
2. Wothandizira kuchepetsa: makamaka amapereka atomu ya hydrogen, amachepetsa Ni2 + mu yankho la plating mu Ni ndikuyiyika pamwamba pa tinthu ta diamondi, yomwe ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu yankho la plating. Mumakampani, sodium secondary phosphate yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera kwambiri, mtengo wotsika komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa plating imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati wothandizira kuchepetsa. Dongosolo lochepetsera limatha kukwaniritsa plating ya mankhwala pa kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri.
3, chothandizira chovuta: yankho lophimba limatha kupangitsa kuti mvula igwe, kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwa yankho lophimba, kukulitsa moyo wa yankho lophimba, kusintha liwiro la nickel, kusintha mtundu wa wosanjikiza wophimba, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid ndi ma organic acid ena ndi mchere wawo.
4. Zina mwa zigawo: chokhazikikacho chingalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa yankho la plating, koma chifukwa chidzakhudza kuchitika kwa chemical plating reaction, chikufunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono; buffer ikhoza kupanga H + panthawi ya chemical nickel plating reaction kuti iwonetsetse kuti pH ikukhala yokhazikika nthawi zonse; surfactant imatha kuchepetsa porosity ya plating.
02 Njira yopangira nickel
Kupaka mankhwala a sodium hypophosphate kumafuna kuti matrix ikhale ndi ntchito inayake yothandiza, ndipo pamwamba pa diamondi palokha sipakhala malo ochitira zinthu zothandiza, choncho iyenera kukonzedwa kale isanayambe kuyika ufa wa diamondi. Njira yachikhalidwe yopangira mankhwala ndi kuchotsa mafuta, kuwaza, kuwalimbikitsa, ndi kuwayambitsa.
(1) Kuchotsa mafuta, kukanda: Kuchotsa mafuta makamaka ndiko kuchotsa mafuta, madontho ndi zinthu zina zodetsa zachilengedwe pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi, kuti zitsimikizire kuti chophimba chotsatira chikugwirizana bwino komanso kuti chikhale bwino. Kukanda kumatha kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi ming'alu pamwamba pa diamondi, kuwonjezera kuuma kwa pamwamba pa diamondi, zomwe sizimangothandiza kuti ayoni achitsulo azilowe m'malo awa, zimathandiza kuti kupaka mankhwala ndi electroplating kuchitike, komanso kupanga masitepe pamwamba pa diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupaka mankhwala kapena electroplating kukhale bwino.
Kawirikawiri, njira yochotsera mafuta nthawi zambiri imatenga NaOH ndi yankho lina la alkaline ngati njira yochotsera mafuta, ndipo pa njira yolumikizira, nitric acid ndi yankho lina la asidi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera mankhwala osaphika kuti adule pamwamba pa diamondi. Kuphatikiza apo, maulalo awiriwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina oyeretsera a ultrasonic, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza bwino ntchito yochotsa ndi kulumikiza mafuta a ufa wa diamondi, kusunga nthawi yochotsa ndi kulumikiza mafuta, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchotsa mafuta ndi kulankhula kopanda pake kukugwira ntchito bwino.
(2) Kuzindikira ndi kuyambitsa: njira yodziwitsira ndi kuyambitsa ndiyo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yonse yodziwira mankhwala, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ngati njira yodziwira mankhwala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuzindikira ndikutenga zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka mosavuta pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi womwe ulibe mphamvu yodziyimira pawokha. Kuyambitsa ndikutenga okosijeni wa hypophosphoric acid ndi ma ayoni achitsulo omwe amagwira ntchito (monga chitsulo palladium) pakuchepetsa tinthu ta nickel, kuti tifulumizitse kuchuluka kwa utoto pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi.
Kawirikawiri, nthawi yochizira ndi kuyambitsa ndi yochepa kwambiri, mapangidwe a diamondi pamwamba pa chitsulo cha palladium ndi ochepa, kuyamwa kwa chophimba sikokwanira, wosanjikiza chophimba ndi wosavuta kugwa kapena wovuta kupanga chophimba chonse, ndipo nthawi yochizira ndi yayitali kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti palladium point point iwonongeke, chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino yochizira ndi kuyambitsa ndi mphindi 20 ~ 30.
(3) Kupaka nickel ndi mankhwala: njira yopaka nickel ndi mankhwala sikuti imakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka yankho lopaka, komanso imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa yankho lopaka ndi mtengo wa PH. Kupaka nickel ndi mankhwala opaka kutentha kwachikhalidwe, kutentha kwanthawi zonse kumakhala 80 ~ 85℃, kopitilira 85℃ kosavuta kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa yankho lopaka, ndipo kutentha kotsika kuposa 85℃, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika kumawonjezeka mwachangu. Pamtengo wa PH, pamene pH ikuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimayikidwa kudzakwera, koma pH idzapangitsanso kuti mchere wa nickel upange sediment, kotero mu ndondomeko yopaka nickel ndi mankhwala mwa kukonza kapangidwe kake ndi chiŵerengero cha zomwe zimayikidwa, momwe zimakhalira ndi momwe zimakhalira, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimayikidwa, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimayikidwa, kukana dzimbiri, njira yopaka, ufa wa diamondi kuti ukwaniritse zosowa za chitukuko cha mafakitale.
Kuphatikiza apo, chophimba chimodzi sichingafikire makulidwe oyenera a chophimbacho, ndipo pakhoza kukhala thovu, mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi zolakwika zina, kotero chophimba chambiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti chiwongolere bwino chophimbacho ndikuwonjezera kufalikira kwa ufa wa diamondi wophimbidwa.
2. electro nickelling
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa phosphorous mu gawo lophimba pambuyo pa diamondi chemical nickel plating, izi zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asayende bwino, zomwe zimakhudza njira yokweza mchenga wa chida cha diamondi (njira yomangirira tinthu ta diamondi pamwamba pa matrix), kotero gawo lophimba lopanda phosphorous lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nickel plating. Ntchito yeniyeni ndikuyika ufa wa diamondi mu yankho lophimba lomwe lili ndi ma ioni a nickel, tinthu ta diamondi tilumikizana ndi electrode ya power negative mu cathode, block yachitsulo cha nickel yomwe imamizidwa mu yankho lophimba ndikulumikizidwa ndi electrode ya power positive kuti ikhale anode, kudzera mu electrolytic action, ma ioni a nickel aulere mu yankho lophimba amachepetsedwa kukhala ma atomu pamwamba pa diamondi, ndipo maatomu amakula kukhala chophimba.
01 Kapangidwe ka yankho la plating
Monga njira yothetsera ma chemical plating, njira yothetsera ma electroplating imapereka ma ion achitsulo ofunikira pa njira yopangira ma electroplating, ndipo imayang'anira njira yoyika nickel kuti ipeze chophimba chachitsulo chofunikira. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi mchere waukulu, chothandizira cha anode, chothandizira cha buffer, zowonjezera ndi zina zotero.
(1) Mchere waukulu: makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, ndi zina zotero. Kawirikawiri, mchere waukulu ukakhala wochuluka, kufalikira kwa madzi mu plating solution kumathamanga, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokwera, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo kumawonjezeka, koma tinthu ta glaze timakhala tolimba, ndipo kuchepa kwa mchere waukulu kumachepa, ndipo glaze imachepa kwambiri, ndipo glaze imachepa kwambiri.
(2) Wothandizira wa anode: chifukwa anode ndi yosavuta kuyisuntha, yosavuta kuyisuntha, zomwe zimakhudza kufanana kwa kugawa kwa magetsi, kotero ndikofunikira kuwonjezera nickel chloride, sodium chloride ndi zinthu zina ngati choyambitsa anode kuti mulimbikitse kuyambika kwa anode, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi a anode.
(3) Chothandizira cha Buffer: monga njira yothetsera ma chemical plating, chothandizira cha buffer chimatha kusunga kukhazikika kwa njira yothetsera ma plating ndi cathode pH, kotero kuti imatha kusinthasintha mkati mwa njira yovomerezeka ya electroplating. Chothandizira cha buffer chofala chimakhala ndi boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate ndi zina zotero.
(4) Zowonjezera zina: malinga ndi zofunikira za chophimbacho, onjezerani kuchuluka koyenera kwa chowunikira chowala, chowunikira, chonyowetsa ndi chowunikira chosiyanasiyana ndi zowonjezera zina kuti muwongolere mtundu wa chophimbacho.
02 Kuyenda kwa nickel kopangidwa ndi diamondi
1. Kukonza zinthu musanapange plating: diamondi nthawi zambiri siigwira ntchito, ndipo imafunika kupakidwa ndi wosanjikiza wachitsulo kudzera mu njira zina zophikira. Njira yophikira mankhwala nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira chitsulo ndi kukhuthala, kotero ubwino wa plating ya mankhwala umakhudza ubwino wa plating wosanjikiza mpaka pamlingo winawake. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu plating pambuyo pa plating ya mankhwala kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa plating, ndipo phosphorous yochuluka imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino m'malo okhala ndi asidi, pamwamba pake pali kutupa kwambiri, kuuma kwakukulu pamwamba ndipo palibe mphamvu ya maginito; phosphorous yocheperako imakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kukalamba; phosphorous yocheperako imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa wa diamondi kukakhala kochepa, malo enieni a pamwamba amakhala akulu, pamene akuphimba, ndipo njira yolumikizira ikakhala yosavuta kuyandama, idzatulutsa kutayikira, kuphimba, ndi kuphimba zinthu zosalimba, musanapange, muyenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa P ndi mtundu wa kuphimba, kuti muwongolere kuyendetsa bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa diamondi kuti muwongolere ufawo kuti ukhale wosavuta kuyandama.
2, nickel plating: pakadali pano, diamondi powder plating nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira, kutanthauza kuti, kuchuluka koyenera kwa electroplating solution kumawonjezedwa mu botolo, kuchuluka kwa ufa wa diamondi wopangira mu electroplating solution, kudzera mu kuzungulira kwa botolo, kumayendetsa ufa wa diamondi mu botolo kuti uzungulire. Nthawi yomweyo, positive electrode imalumikizidwa ndi nickel block, ndipo negative electrode imalumikizidwa ndi ufa wa diamondi wopangira. Pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi, ma nickel ion opanda mu plating solution amapanga nickel yachitsulo pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi wopangira. Komabe, njira iyi ili ndi mavuto a kuchepa kwa glazing efficient ndi yosagwirizana glazing, kotero njira yozungulira ya electrode inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yozungulira ya electrode ndikuzungulira cathode mu diamond powder plating. Njira iyi imatha kuwonjezera malo olumikizirana pakati pa electrode ndi tinthu ta diamondi, kuwonjezera kuyendetsa bwino pakati pa tinthu ta diamondi, kukonza mawonekedwe osafanana a kupaka, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a diamond nickel plating.
chidule chachifupi
Monga chida chachikulu chopangira zida za diamondi, kusintha pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezera mphamvu yowongolera matrix ndikukweza moyo wa zidazo. Pofuna kukweza kuchuluka kwa mchenga wonyamula zida za diamondi, wosanjikiza wa nickel ndi phosphorous nthawi zambiri umayikidwa pamwamba pa ufa wa diamondi kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera zinthu, kenako ndikulimbitsa wosanjikiza wa plating ndi nickel plating, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yoyendetsera zinthu. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti pamwamba pa diamondi palokha mulibe malo ogwirira ntchito, kotero amafunika kukonzedwa pasadakhale asanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala.
zikalata zofotokozera:
Liu Han. Kafukufuku wa ukadaulo wokutira pamwamba ndi ubwino wa ufa wopangira wa diamondi [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, ndi Yuan Guangsheng. Kafukufuku wa njira yokonzekera diamondi pamwamba [J]. Kukhazikitsa malo mumlengalenga.
Li Jinghua. Kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa pamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa wa diamondi wogwiritsidwa ntchito pocheka waya [D]. Zhongyuan Institute of Technology.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, ndi ena. Njira yopangira nickel ya mankhwala pamwamba pa diamondi yopangidwa [J]. Journal of IOL.
Nkhaniyi yasindikizidwanso mu netiweki ya zinthu zovuta kwambiri
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-13-2025
